Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has resulted in an ongoing pandemic.

Case report: A 24-year-old man with a history of SCD (HbS/β0-thalassemia) on maintenance hydroxyurea therapy presented to our hospital, with a complaint of pain in the extremities and chest over two days. The patient with mild cough and high fever was hospitalized. Blood tests and lung CT were performed. Result of blood test show evidence of systemic hemolysis with a decrease in hemoglobin from 8.9g/dL to 6.7g/dL. His white blood cell count was 25.2×103/μL, CRP 243.21mg/L. CT scans of the lungs showed a consolidated area where air bronchograms were observed in and around the medial segment of the middle part of the right lung and the posteriobasal segment of the lower part of both lungs, and an icy glass landscape was observed. Lung damage is 1–5% (grade I). His oxygen saturation SpO2 was normal (98%). The SARS-CoV-2 PCR nasopharyngeal swab testing was sent and returned negative on hospital day one after which the patient was started on antiviral and antibiotic for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. An improvement in blood counts was observed 4 days after starting treatment (WBC 16.93×103/μL, CRP 100.31mg/L). On day ten, after normalization of all symptoms and blood values the patient was discharged home.

Methodology: In this study we selected 1 patient with SCD followed in Thalassemia Center of Azerbaijan.

Results: Given the higher likelihood of ACS it is possible that SCD patients are also at higher risk of such complications from COVID-19, particularly those with a history of pulmonary comorbidities. However, it is unclear if the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will lead to increased rates of ACS for sickle cell patients. Still, hospitalized sickle cell patients should be monitored closely for development of ACS and if this occurs, exchange transfusion should be promptly initiated.

Conclusion: COVID-19 pneumonia as a cause of acute chest syndrome in an adult sickle cell patient. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are infected with COVID-19 may have a significant risk of developing acute chest syndrome (ACS), a potentially life-threatening complication. In this case we will present how manage COVID 19 in patient with SCD.