Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most prevalent hemoglobinopathy in the world, with estimates indicating that 2% to 4% of the Brazilian population carries the Hemoglobin S gene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between hematological and clinical data in SCA patients treated at the Hematology and Hemotherapy Foundation of Amazonas (HEMOAM).

This work followed the cross-sectional study with a total of 261 SCA patients of the both genders. Hematological and clinical data were obtained through access to medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 20, according to each variable, with significant differences being considered when p < 0.05.

The study population consisted mostly of patients from Manaus (56%), and the majority were female (56.9%), a predominance of brown race (77.39%), followed by white (14.94%) and black (7.66%). A significant difference was found to levels of reticulocytes between Caucasians (9.5 ± 6.7), compared to Brown (8.6 ± 6.2) and Black (5.1 ± 3.4) (p = 0.032). The levels of red blood cells in black patients were high (3.3 ± 0.87) compared to white (2.8 ± 0.58) and brown (2.90 ± 0.73) (p = 0,035). The lower leukocyte levels were found in black patients (10.3 ± 0.45), followed by white (11.1 ± 0.43) and brown race (12.3 ± 0.63).

The hematological profile of patients with SCA is extremely variable from one individual to another, with differences in the number and intensity of the hemolysis crisis episodes. Our results demonstrating the predominant brown race corroborate the number of SCA patients followed up in Brazilian Reference Centers.

We believe that knowledge of the association between the hematological and sociodemographic profile of the population served by HEMOAM, especially patients from the interior of the state, can help to clarify the identification and diagnosis for these communities, in order to increase the presence of the state to mainly avoid underreporting and improve diagnosis.