Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection with rapid progression and high mortality, typically occurring in patients with hematologic malignancies, diabetes mellitus, organ transplantation, or prolonged immunosuppression. Clinically, the most common forms are rhino-cerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal involvement. Rhino-cerebral mucormycosis often originates in the paranasal sinuses and may extend to the orbit and brain. Oral mucormycosis is less common and usually presents with maxillary bone necrosis and palatal perforation. Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy are critical for improving prognosis. In this report, we present a case of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who developed rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis involving the maxilla following chemotherapy.

A 52-year-old male patient was admitted to the hematology outpatient clinic with complaints of epistaxis and fatigue. Laboratory evaluation revealed pancytopenia, and peripheral smear, bone marrow aspiration, and flow cytometry confirmed the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The patient received induction chemotherapy with daunorubicin (60 mg/m2 for 3 days) and cytarabine (100 mg/m2 for 7 days).

In the second week of treatment, the patient developed pain in the left maxillary region and was referred to the Faculty of Dentistry, Inönü University. Oral and radiological examination (Figure 1)revealed a fixed dental bridge with good marginal adaptation.The prosthetic device was removed, and no pathology was observed in the teeth or surrounding mucosa, Türkiye.