The present study provides a prospective analysis of data collected by the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) of Campinas, São Paulo, covering the period from 2010 to 2019. By systematically gathering data on cancer incidence within a defined geographic region, PBCRs support public health planning, resource allocation, and scientific research. The PBCR of Campinas holds international recognition from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), affiliated with the World Health Organization, which establishes stringent standards to ensure data quality, comparability, and reliability.

The present study aims to characterize multiple myeloma cases by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, and geographic distribution within the municipality.

The present study stratified data by sex and age group and in incidence, and examined geographic distribution across the six administrative health districts of Campinas. Researchers also considered socioeconomic indicators in each district. The PBCR compiled data from 29 reporting sources, including both public and private institutions, five hospital-based cancer registries, and the municipal mortality information system.

Between 2010 and 2019, the PBCR recorded 526 cases of multiple myeloma, with 277 cases (52.7%) occurring in women and 249 (47.3%) in men. Temporal analysis revealed fluctuations in annual incidence, with the highest number of diagnoses in 2019 (73 cases) and the lowest in 2017 (37 cases). The age distribution showed a progressive increase in incidence with advancing age, particularly among individuals aged 80 and older, 45 cases (8.5%) in women and 40 (7.6%) in men. The 60–69 age group had the highest concentration of cases, with 86 (16.3%) in women and 93 (17.7%) in men. Most cases occurred among white individuals (363 cases; 69%), followed by Black individuals (94 cases; 18%). Geographic analysis according to the health districts of residence, revealed a higher concentration of cases in the Eastern District (171 cases; 32%), followed by the Southern District (136 cases; 26%). The Eastern District is characterized predominantly elderly population with low social vulnerability. In contrast, the Southern District encompasses areas with distinct socioeconomic profiles, including regions of high and low social vulnerability. Subsequently, there were 96 cases (18%) in the Northern District, 66 cases (12.5%) in the Southwest District and 57 cases (11%) in the Northwest District. In conclusion, the present study highlights the epidemiological profile of multiple myeloma within a socioeconomically diverse urban population. The findings underscore the importance of population-based cancer registries, such as the PBCR, in guiding cancer prevention strategies, diagnostic efforts, and treatment planning. In Campinas, the PBCR serves as a critical tool for informing public health policies and interventions grounded in local epidemiological evidence.

Grant FAPESP #2021/10265-8, Cancer Theranostics Innovation Center; Multicenter Study Group in Oncohematology (HEMOH).