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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic myeloid leukemia &#40;CML&#41; has become a model of success in the history of hematology&#46; That is due to the possibility of discovering and monitoring the molecular basis of the disease and blocking it by employing tyrosine kinase inhibitors &#40;TKIs&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In the beginning of the XXI century&#44; chemotherapy and the recombinant interferon-alpha were overcome by the efficiency of the TKIs in chronic-phase &#40;CP&#41; CML patients&#46; Approximately 80&#37; of the patients presenting CP-CML treated with imatinib achieved complete cytogenetic remission &#40;CCR&#41;&#46; Moreover&#44; these patients also present extraordinary long survival rates&#46; Firstly&#44; imatinib demonstrated that a fatal cancer could become a chronic comorbidity&#46; Soon after the first generation of TKIs&#44; owing to the development of imatinib-resistance&#44; other TKIs were developed&#44; such as&#58; dasatinib&#44; nilotinib&#44; bosutinib and ponatinib&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The TKI era has modified the CML treatment and its outcomes consensus was reached regarding rational goals to define optimal response&#44; based on time to CCR and molecular response &#40;MR&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Thus&#44; it was possible to adopt intervention patterns for patients who failed to respond adequately to regular treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently&#44; optimal response is considered when patients achieve major molecular response &#40;MMR&#41;&#44; BCR-ABL1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;1&#37; on the International Scale &#40;IS&#41; within 12 months of the TKI treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Molecular response levels have been related to the best control of the disease and long survival&#46; Nilotinib has displayed better efficacy than imatinib in achieving MMR within two years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Deep molecular response &#40;DMR&#41;&#44; defined as a 4&#46;5 log reduction &#40;IS&#41;&#44; has been the real target response in order to promote the discontinuation of the TKI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Several studies have shown that it is feasible to discontinue treatment after at least two years of DMR&#46; On the other hand&#44; it is important to know that treatment-free remission ranges from 48 to 67&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Brazil&#44; imatinib is the TKI generally used in the first-line treatment for patients with CP-CML&#46; Although the importance of imatinib has been recognized&#44; 20&#8211;30&#37; of the patients discontinue treatment because of imatinib-related unsatisfactory response&#44; resistance or toxicity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Nilotinib has shown significant improvements &#40;45&#37; achieved CCR&#41; for patients who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Instead of evaluating solely the imatinib treatment efficacy&#44; another aspect of patient monitoring comprises the imatinib-related adverse events &#40;IRAEs&#41;&#46; Today&#44; due to the long-lasting character of treatments&#44; not only adverse events grade III&#8211;IV have been the reason to switch to other TKIs&#44; but also mild and moderate adverse events that are linked with the quality of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The IRAEs from imatinib are frequent<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and more predominant&#44; compared to nilotinib&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> It has been reported that it is possible to reduce or resolve the IRAEs after three months of shifting to nilotinib&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Thus&#44; it is important that Brazilian patients be closely monitored&#44; with analysis of the quality of life&#44; adherence and their relation to IRAEs&#46; Consequently&#44; for patients treated with imatinib&#44; switching to nilotinib has been indicated&#44; due to the resistance to imatinib&#44; failed optimal response and intolerance&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our purpose&#44; therefore&#44; is to describe the importance of switching the treatment&#44; in an unknown scenario of previous bariatric surgery&#44; to the optimal response by imatinib&#44; however with poor quality of life due to chronic IRAEs&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In September 2014&#44; a 67-year-old female patient presented with leukocytosis in a routine blood count of leukocytes at 15&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#47;L&#44; with neutrophilic predominance and 570&#44;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>platelets&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46; She was asymptomatic and no splenomegaly was palpable&#46; Cytogenetic analysis showed 46&#44; XX&#44; t&#40;9&#59;22&#41; &#40;q34&#46;1&#59;q11&#44;2&#41; &#91;16&#93;&#47;46&#44; XX&#91;4&#93;&#46; The patient was diagnosed with PC-CML&#44; classified as intermediate risk by the Sokal index&#46; The patient&#39;s medical history included Roux-en-Y laparoscopic gastric bypass for weight loss in 2002&#44; arterial hypertension and hypothyroidism&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Conventional dose of imatinib of 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day was initiated in December 2014&#46; After six months&#44; the patient achieved CCR and BCR-ABL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37; on the IS&#46; In October 2015&#44; the DMR was confirmed&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite good laboratorial response&#44; she presented some clinical complaints&#46; Her quality of life was harmed by considerable IRAEs&#58; muscle cramps grade II&#44; nausea grade II and pruritus grade I&#46; Due to the DMR&#44; her attending physician opted to maintain the imatinib treatment&#46; However&#44; in October 2016&#44; blisters grade II appeared on both legs&#46; Therefore&#44; the doctor decided to switch to nilotinib as a second-line treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In November 2016&#44; nilotinib 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg twice&#47;day was initiated&#44; aspiring to reduce the IRAEs&#46; All of the symptoms were resolved within six months&#44; as she remained in DMR&#46; Currently&#44; her status remains asymptomatic and in DRM&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On that account&#44; this case demonstrates that switching to nilotinib may fade chronic IRAEs&#44; as well as conserving the DMR in a patient with bariatric surgery&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This case presented adequate treatment adherence and optimal response&#44; despite evidencing poor quality of life&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although imatinib has shown to be safe and effective in the history of CML&#44; chronic mild and moderate IRAEs are not rare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> In this case&#44; her mild chronic IRAEs were frequent&#44; since the IRIS trial revealed a high frequency of nausea&#44; muscle cramps&#44; and pruritus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Chronic mild and moderate IRAEs may negatively influence the quality of life and impact adherence to the imatinib therapy&#44; which leads to less desirable outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Changing from imatinib to another tyrosine kinase inhibitor &#40;TKI&#41; may enhance tolerability and quality of life&#46; The nilotinib treatment&#44; compared to imatinib&#44; exhibited less frequency of nausea&#44; muscle cramps&#44; vomiting and diarrhea&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In addition&#44; the ENRICH study demonstrated that switching to nilotinib reduced 84&#46;6&#37;&#44; and resolved 62&#46;9&#37;&#44; of chronic IRAEs&#46; Switching to nilotinib revealed to be acceptably safe and potent for molecular response<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mild skin reactions are relatively frequent&#44; ranging from 7&#37; to 21&#37; in patients treated with imatinib&#46; Skin rashes are relatively common and may be resolved with oral steroids&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Cutaneous reactions to imatinib seem to be correlated with the dose&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The imatinib-related blister&#44; a rare skin toxicity&#44; is not well understood&#46; However&#44; the case of a female with a recurrent blister 1&#46;5 years after initiating the imatinib therapy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor &#40;GIST&#41; has been described&#46; A laminin and collagen IV loss along the dermoepidermal junction was observed&#44; suggesting that&#44; in susceptible patients&#44; imatinib diminishes the synthesis of laminin and collagen IV&#44; resulting in a blister&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In our case&#44; the blisters were resolved after switching to nilotinib&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This case study presented poor quality of life due to some IRAEs&#44; while still displaying optimal response&#44; but she did not qualify for the cessation of the TKI&#46; Thus&#44; switching to nilotinib was a reasonable option&#44; in spite of the gastroplasty&#46; There have been few studies regarding TKIs in patients with a history of bariatric surgery&#46; Pavlowski et al&#46; demonstrated in a case report that the imatinib concentration decreased 40&#8211;60&#37; after sleeve gastrectomy&#46; On the other hand&#44; a patient remained in molecular response<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> in a similar scenario in which Yassin et al&#46; described a female patient treated with dasatinib who lost hematological response after a sleeve gastrectomy&#44; with negative mutation analysis&#46; After switching the treatment to imatinib&#44; she achieved an adequate response&#46; In another case&#44; a male was diagnosed with CML two years after undergoing a sleeve gastrectomy&#46; The treatment started with nilotinib 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg q12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; but the patient did not achieve a cytogenetic and molecular response&#44; presenting a negative mutation test&#46; After switching the treatment to imatinib&#44; he achieved a molecular response&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Liu and Artz observed the reduction of imatinib levels from 956 to 156<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a study subject&#46; This patient did not achieve a DMR by employing imatinib&#46; Nilotinib was described as the second-line treatment&#44; but no outcome from that treatment has been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Even though these cases are anecdotal&#44; evidencing failure in the second-generation TKIs&#44; our case report expressed the successful choice of nilotinib treatment&#44; applying a 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg q12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h posology after the DMR&#44; achieved by imatinib&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; this case report presents common IRAEs&#44; which determined a poor quality of life&#44; in contrast with no loss of adherence regarding the DMR &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; This case deserves to be registered in order to emphasize that a patient was successfully treated with nilotinib 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg q12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; even while presenting a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass&#46; Such treatment strategy presented maintenance of the DMR and resolution of IRAEs&#44; including the gastrointestinal adverse events&#44; even when administering the nilotinib posology twice a day&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IRIS trial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>IRAE all grade<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>551&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Muscle cramps&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;93&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Case Report
Experience using Imatinib and then Nilotinib, as second line, in patient with chronic myeloid leukemia and previous bariatric surgery. A case report
Renato Centronea,
Autor para correspondência
rtcentrone@ig.com.br

Corresponding author at: Instituto Hemomed de Oncologia e Hematologia, Av. Arnolfo Azevedo, 108, Pacaembu, São Paulo, SP CEP: 01236-030, Brazil.
, Marcelo Bellessoa, Debora Bonitob, Daniela Diasa, Rodrigo Santuccia, Milton Aranhaa, Adelson Alvesa
a Instituto Hemomed de Oncologia e Hematologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
b Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic myeloid leukemia &#40;CML&#41; has become a model of success in the history of hematology&#46; That is due to the possibility of discovering and monitoring the molecular basis of the disease and blocking it by employing tyrosine kinase inhibitors &#40;TKIs&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In the beginning of the XXI century&#44; chemotherapy and the recombinant interferon-alpha were overcome by the efficiency of the TKIs in chronic-phase &#40;CP&#41; CML patients&#46; Approximately 80&#37; of the patients presenting CP-CML treated with imatinib achieved complete cytogenetic remission &#40;CCR&#41;&#46; Moreover&#44; these patients also present extraordinary long survival rates&#46; Firstly&#44; imatinib demonstrated that a fatal cancer could become a chronic comorbidity&#46; Soon after the first generation of TKIs&#44; owing to the development of imatinib-resistance&#44; other TKIs were developed&#44; such as&#58; dasatinib&#44; nilotinib&#44; bosutinib and ponatinib&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The TKI era has modified the CML treatment and its outcomes consensus was reached regarding rational goals to define optimal response&#44; based on time to CCR and molecular response &#40;MR&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Thus&#44; it was possible to adopt intervention patterns for patients who failed to respond adequately to regular treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently&#44; optimal response is considered when patients achieve major molecular response &#40;MMR&#41;&#44; BCR-ABL1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;1&#37; on the International Scale &#40;IS&#41; within 12 months of the TKI treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Molecular response levels have been related to the best control of the disease and long survival&#46; Nilotinib has displayed better efficacy than imatinib in achieving MMR within two years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Deep molecular response &#40;DMR&#41;&#44; defined as a 4&#46;5 log reduction &#40;IS&#41;&#44; has been the real target response in order to promote the discontinuation of the TKI&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Several studies have shown that it is feasible to discontinue treatment after at least two years of DMR&#46; On the other hand&#44; it is important to know that treatment-free remission ranges from 48 to 67&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Brazil&#44; imatinib is the TKI generally used in the first-line treatment for patients with CP-CML&#46; Although the importance of imatinib has been recognized&#44; 20&#8211;30&#37; of the patients discontinue treatment because of imatinib-related unsatisfactory response&#44; resistance or toxicity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Nilotinib has shown significant improvements &#40;45&#37; achieved CCR&#41; for patients who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Instead of evaluating solely the imatinib treatment efficacy&#44; another aspect of patient monitoring comprises the imatinib-related adverse events &#40;IRAEs&#41;&#46; Today&#44; due to the long-lasting character of treatments&#44; not only adverse events grade III&#8211;IV have been the reason to switch to other TKIs&#44; but also mild and moderate adverse events that are linked with the quality of life&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The IRAEs from imatinib are frequent<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and more predominant&#44; compared to nilotinib&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> It has been reported that it is possible to reduce or resolve the IRAEs after three months of shifting to nilotinib&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Thus&#44; it is important that Brazilian patients be closely monitored&#44; with analysis of the quality of life&#44; adherence and their relation to IRAEs&#46; Consequently&#44; for patients treated with imatinib&#44; switching to nilotinib has been indicated&#44; due to the resistance to imatinib&#44; failed optimal response and intolerance&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our purpose&#44; therefore&#44; is to describe the importance of switching the treatment&#44; in an unknown scenario of previous bariatric surgery&#44; to the optimal response by imatinib&#44; however with poor quality of life due to chronic IRAEs&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In September 2014&#44; a 67-year-old female patient presented with leukocytosis in a routine blood count of leukocytes at 15&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#47;L&#44; with neutrophilic predominance and 570&#44;000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>platelets&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46; She was asymptomatic and no splenomegaly was palpable&#46; Cytogenetic analysis showed 46&#44; XX&#44; t&#40;9&#59;22&#41; &#40;q34&#46;1&#59;q11&#44;2&#41; &#91;16&#93;&#47;46&#44; XX&#91;4&#93;&#46; The patient was diagnosed with PC-CML&#44; classified as intermediate risk by the Sokal index&#46; The patient&#39;s medical history included Roux-en-Y laparoscopic gastric bypass for weight loss in 2002&#44; arterial hypertension and hypothyroidism&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Conventional dose of imatinib of 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day was initiated in December 2014&#46; After six months&#44; the patient achieved CCR and BCR-ABL<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#37; on the IS&#46; In October 2015&#44; the DMR was confirmed&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite good laboratorial response&#44; she presented some clinical complaints&#46; Her quality of life was harmed by considerable IRAEs&#58; muscle cramps grade II&#44; nausea grade II and pruritus grade I&#46; Due to the DMR&#44; her attending physician opted to maintain the imatinib treatment&#46; However&#44; in October 2016&#44; blisters grade II appeared on both legs&#46; Therefore&#44; the doctor decided to switch to nilotinib as a second-line treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In November 2016&#44; nilotinib 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg twice&#47;day was initiated&#44; aspiring to reduce the IRAEs&#46; All of the symptoms were resolved within six months&#44; as she remained in DMR&#46; Currently&#44; her status remains asymptomatic and in DRM&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On that account&#44; this case demonstrates that switching to nilotinib may fade chronic IRAEs&#44; as well as conserving the DMR in a patient with bariatric surgery&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This case presented adequate treatment adherence and optimal response&#44; despite evidencing poor quality of life&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although imatinib has shown to be safe and effective in the history of CML&#44; chronic mild and moderate IRAEs are not rare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> In this case&#44; her mild chronic IRAEs were frequent&#44; since the IRIS trial revealed a high frequency of nausea&#44; muscle cramps&#44; and pruritus<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Chronic mild and moderate IRAEs may negatively influence the quality of life and impact adherence to the imatinib therapy&#44; which leads to less desirable outcomes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Changing from imatinib to another tyrosine kinase inhibitor &#40;TKI&#41; may enhance tolerability and quality of life&#46; The nilotinib treatment&#44; compared to imatinib&#44; exhibited less frequency of nausea&#44; muscle cramps&#44; vomiting and diarrhea&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In addition&#44; the ENRICH study demonstrated that switching to nilotinib reduced 84&#46;6&#37;&#44; and resolved 62&#46;9&#37;&#44; of chronic IRAEs&#46; Switching to nilotinib revealed to be acceptably safe and potent for molecular response<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mild skin reactions are relatively frequent&#44; ranging from 7&#37; to 21&#37; in patients treated with imatinib&#46; Skin rashes are relatively common and may be resolved with oral steroids&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Cutaneous reactions to imatinib seem to be correlated with the dose&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> The imatinib-related blister&#44; a rare skin toxicity&#44; is not well understood&#46; However&#44; the case of a female with a recurrent blister 1&#46;5 years after initiating the imatinib therapy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor &#40;GIST&#41; has been described&#46; A laminin and collagen IV loss along the dermoepidermal junction was observed&#44; suggesting that&#44; in susceptible patients&#44; imatinib diminishes the synthesis of laminin and collagen IV&#44; resulting in a blister&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> In our case&#44; the blisters were resolved after switching to nilotinib&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This case study presented poor quality of life due to some IRAEs&#44; while still displaying optimal response&#44; but she did not qualify for the cessation of the TKI&#46; Thus&#44; switching to nilotinib was a reasonable option&#44; in spite of the gastroplasty&#46; There have been few studies regarding TKIs in patients with a history of bariatric surgery&#46; Pavlowski et al&#46; demonstrated in a case report that the imatinib concentration decreased 40&#8211;60&#37; after sleeve gastrectomy&#46; On the other hand&#44; a patient remained in molecular response<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> in a similar scenario in which Yassin et al&#46; described a female patient treated with dasatinib who lost hematological response after a sleeve gastrectomy&#44; with negative mutation analysis&#46; After switching the treatment to imatinib&#44; she achieved an adequate response&#46; In another case&#44; a male was diagnosed with CML two years after undergoing a sleeve gastrectomy&#46; The treatment started with nilotinib 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg q12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; but the patient did not achieve a cytogenetic and molecular response&#44; presenting a negative mutation test&#46; After switching the treatment to imatinib&#44; he achieved a molecular response&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Liu and Artz observed the reduction of imatinib levels from 956 to 156<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;mL after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in a study subject&#46; This patient did not achieve a DMR by employing imatinib&#46; Nilotinib was described as the second-line treatment&#44; but no outcome from that treatment has been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Even though these cases are anecdotal&#44; evidencing failure in the second-generation TKIs&#44; our case report expressed the successful choice of nilotinib treatment&#44; applying a 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg q12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h posology after the DMR&#44; achieved by imatinib&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; this case report presents common IRAEs&#44; which determined a poor quality of life&#44; in contrast with no loss of adherence regarding the DMR &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; This case deserves to be registered in order to emphasize that a patient was successfully treated with nilotinib 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg q12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; even while presenting a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass&#46; Such treatment strategy presented maintenance of the DMR and resolution of IRAEs&#44; including the gastrointestinal adverse events&#44; even when administering the nilotinib posology twice a day&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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                0 => array:2 [
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Imatinib compared with interferon and lowdose cytarabine for newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;G&#46; O&#8217;Brien"
                            1 => "F&#46; Guilhot"
                            2 => "R&#46;A&#46; Larson"
                            3 => "I&#46; Gathmann"
                            4 => "M&#46; Baccarani"
                            5 => "F&#46; Cervantes"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMoa022457"
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                        "volumen" => "348"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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            1 => array:3 [
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Chronic myeloid leukemia&#58; an update of concepts and management recommendations of European LeukemiaNet"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Baccarani"
                            1 => "J&#46; Cortes"
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                          ]
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1200/JCO.2009.25.0779"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology&#58; chronic myelogenous leukemia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; O&#8217;Brien"
                            1 => "E&#46; Berman"
                            2 => "H&#46; Borghaei"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
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Idiomas
Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy