To study clinical parameters of multiple myeloma progression in residents of the Gomel region of Belarus

The study included 159 MM patients who were examined at the State Institution “Republican Research Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology”, Gomel from 2018 to 2021. The average age was 62. Female patients prevailed and amounted 57.1%. MM was diagnosed according to international criteria. The criteria for progression were determined when new foci of destruction or extramedullary lesions appeared, and at an increase in the number of plasma cells in the bone marrow> 10%.

Progression was in 10.7%(17). No differences in the immunological variant of MM. CD20 expression>20% was found 6.18 more often in progressed patients (p=0.0001). CD56>20% was 2.37 more common at progression (p=0.006). CD117>20% was 2.34 more often at progression, (p=0.116). M-protein>15 g/l was 6.22 more often at progression (p = 0.0001). Abnormal κ/λ was in 81.3% at progression (p=0.027). LDH was different (p=0.023). Kidney damage and destructive syndrome did not affect progression (p=0.797).

Identification of markers of progression at the initial examination, such as excess expression of CD20> 20%, CD56> 20%, excess of M-protein> 15 g/l, abnormal κ/λ ratio can predetermine the outcome of the disease. Our findings are consistent with the literature data, but much remains unclear, for instance, cases with normal LDH values in patients with progression. This gives rise to future research.