The study sought to assess the prevalence and the risk factors associated with anemia among male and female young adults in (Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia): Our study population showed a higher percentage of men as compared to women participants. About half of our study sample had a lightly active lifestyle, and more than one-third of the study participants were overweight (34.7%). The average age of the respondents was 22.08 ± 1.98 years.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Saud University and Alfaisal University in September 2016 among young adults aged 18 to 28 years old. Data were collected using an interview questionnaire. Additionally, the respondents were evaluated clinically and via laboratory testing for anemia.The only factor significantly associated with anemia was gender, in that female gender showed a positive association with anemia.

The most specific risk for anemia among Saudi individuals of college and young professional ages (18–28 years old) was the female gender. The dietary lifestyle, heavy menstruation, pregnancy, and NSAID use were important risk factors; however, they were not statistically significant.

Public awareness about anemia is important including regarding improving dietary behaviors and taking iron supplementation for prevention in high-risk people. Additionally, NSAIDs should be used with caution.