Data on RW treatment patterns and outcomes in RRMM Pts who received at least one prior line of therapy (LoT) are lacking outside the US and Europe. This study evaluated RW clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes among Turkish Pts who received at least one prior MM-specific therapy.

This retrospective chart review included RRMM Pts who had received at least one prior LoT and initiated a second-line (2L) or third-line (3L) MM-specific treatment regimen between 01-Jan-2015 and 31-Dec-2020. Patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.

Of the 107 RRMM Pts initiating 2L treatment, 91.6% experienced symptomatic disease [prominent symptoms: anemia (71.0%); bone lesions (53.3%)]. Table 1 presents other clinical and demographic characteristics. Bortezomib (BOR)-based regimens were most used in first-line (1L) regardless of stem-cell transplant (SCT) status (SCT induction: 68.7%; non-SCT: 79.5%), and lenalidomide (LEN-based regimens were used as 1L maintenance (40.3%). LEN-free regimens were used in 58.1% (2L) and 35.6% (3L) of Pts, with DVd (29.5%) and DRd (19.5%) being the most utilized regimens in 2L and 3L, respectively (Fig. 1). In total, 53.1% were LEN-retreated and 30.8% were LEN-refractory. The median (interquartile range) duration of treatment on 2L [7.0 (6.0, 10.5) months] and 3L [7.1 (6.0, 14.0) months] was short (Table 2). After 2L and 3L initiation, 57.9% and 25.6% of Pts had disease progression; median OS was 10.4 and 12.8 months, respectively (Table 3).

BOR-based regimens were commonly utilized in 1L. LEN-based regimens were used as maintenance therapy in 1L and as retreatment in RRMM Pts. Newer therapies (Daratumumab- or Carfilzomib-based regimens) were utilized in 2L and 3L. The short duration of therapy, high disease progression rate, high LEN retreatment, and refractoriness rates indicate the need for new LEN-free regimens for treating RRMM Pts in Turkey.