T-cell Brazil project started in April 2017 an ambispective study focusing to collecting epidemiological and clinical data from the most frequent subtypes of PTCL, among them the ATL. As of July 2022 T-cell Brazil database contained 81 (16%) ATL out of 520 registered cases. Our goals are to describe demographic and clinical features, analyze the overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS), and try to identify factors that could influence outcome.

Brazilian Registry using REDcap Platform by Vanderbilt realized descriptive and bivariate analyses, then it was applied Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test to obtain survival estimates, and besides that, it was used the Cox Regression to identify any factor that could influence the OS and PFS.

The median age was 52 years (24-91); 32 (39%) male; the majority of clinical subtypes were 52% lymphoma type; 81% received chemotherapy. The best response assessment after first-line treatment was: progression or no response in 31%; 26% complete response; 21% partial response, 21% not available (NA) due to death or on treatment; 34% of patients were alive and the 24-month OS and PFS was 33% and 21%, respectively. As predictors for PFS and OS were B symptom and elevated LDH values.

This study, even recognizing a limited sample size, highlights the poor prognosis associated with ATL, mainly acute and lymphoma type, with high mortality rates. Hence, apparently, a good shot, it would be one of the bases for the prevention of ATL to establish a disease entity of “chronic active HTLV-1 infection” that defines high-risk carriers for ATL development, and then, enables preventive intervention.