Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
ReviewCalcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription
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2022, Journal of Molecular BiologyCoexpression of calcineurin A and B subunits in various subcellular and synaptic compartments of cerebellar neurons and glia with particular abundance at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses
2022, Neuroscience ResearchCitation Excerpt :Calcineurin (CN), also called protein phosphatase 3 (Ppp3), is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that plays a critical role in the coupling of Ca2+ signals to various cellular responses (Rusnak and Mertz, 2000), including immune response, muscle hypertrophy, apoptosis, and gene transcription (Rao et al., 1997; Klee et al., 1998; Molkentin et al., 1998; Semsarian et al., 1999; Musarò et al., 1999; Kornhauser et al., 2002). In the brain where CN was originally identified (Wang and Desai, 1976), special attention has been paid to its regulatory role in synaptic transmission and plasticity (Yakel, 1997; Growth et al., 2003). Pharmacological inhibition of CNs by immunosuppressant drugs, cyclosporin A and FK506, enhances both neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals and responsiveness of various neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic side (Nichols et al., 1994; Sihra et al., 1995).
Dysregulation in erythrocyte dynamics caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection: possible role in shuffling the homeostatic puzzle during COVID-19
2022, Hematology, Transfusion and Cell TherapyCitation Excerpt :Hemoglobin-derived peptides also display antinociceptive91 and cardiovascular effects,98,99 increases spatial learning100,101 and cholinergic neurotransmission,102 modulates the pituitary-adrenal axis and reduces the activity of calcineurin.103 These peptides further regulate the synapses and release of classical neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and the adrenocorticotrophic hormone.104-106 Therefore, changes in the hemoglobin-derived peptide during COVID-19 and other diseases may interfere with several functions.
Mechanisms of endocannabinoid control of synaptic plasticity
2021, NeuropharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Although the precise function of this calcium signal is not well defined, it likely involves calcium sensors such as the calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (also known as PP2B), the activity of which was required for eCB-LTD at both hippocampal and corticostriatal synapses (Andrade-Talavera et al., 2016; Cui et al., 2016; Heifets et al., 2008). Calcineurin is a serine/threonine phosphatase that is often associated with postsynaptic signalling and is involved in multiple pathways implicated in synaptic plasticity, one of which is the regulation of postsynaptically expressed VGCCs (L-type, CaV1.2/1.3) (Peterson et al., 1999; Yakel, 1997; Zuhlke et al., 1999). Both calcineurin and CaV1.2 exist in a molecular complex mediated by the scaffolding protein AKAP79/150 (A-Kinase anchoring proteins), which together with PKA and calmodulin bidirectionally regulate the activity of CaV1.2 (Dittmer et al., 2014; Oliveria et al., 2012).
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