Elsevier

The Journal of Pediatrics

Volume 149, Issue 5, November 2006, Pages 710-712
The Journal of Pediatrics

Clinical and laboratory observation
Exchange blood transfusion compared with simple transfusion for first overt stroke is associated with a lower risk of subsequent stroke: A retrospective cohort study of 137 children with sickle cell anemia

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.06.037Get rights and content

A retrospective cohort study of children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and strokes was used to test the hypothesis that exchange transfusion at the time of stroke presentation more effectively prevents second strokes than does simple transfusion. Children receiving simple transfusion had a 5-fold greater relative risk (95% confidence interval = 1.3 to 18.6) of second stroke than those receiving exchange transfusion.

Section snippets

Methods

The eligibility criteria, data collection, and study methods have been described previously.2 Patients were identified at 14 medical centers, and their records were reviewed between 1998 and 2000. Institutional review board approval was obtained according to guidelines at the participating centers. Patients were included in the analysis if they had sickle cell anemia (SCA) and had undergone at least 5 years of chronic blood transfusion therapy after stroke. Exclusion criteria were lack of

Patient Population

The participating institutions identified 164 children with SCA, a history of stroke, and at least 5 years of blood transfusion therapy. Of these, 137 met all inclusion criteria; 46% were male. The mean age at initial stroke was 6.3 years (range, 1.4 to 14 years), and the mean follow-up was 10.1 years (range, 5 to 24 years). Initial strokes occurred between May 1972 and March 1995. In this cohort, 31 of the 137 patients (23%) had a recurrent stroke while receiving chronic blood transfusion

Discussion

We have demonstrated that the proportion of children treated with exchange transfusion for acute strokes has increased since the procedure was first described by Lusher et al in 19763 and that this treatment is now the most common method of initial therapy for acute stroke. In addition, we have provided preliminary evidence indicating that initial exchange transfusion is associated with a decreased risk of second strokes.

Given the retrospective nature of this study, we can only postulate why

Cited by (0)

Supported by the Doris Duke and Robert Wood Johnson Foundations and the National Institutes of Health (training grant 5T32HD4301003).

View full text